What Is Seal Strength — ASTM F88?
The heat seal strength test measures the force required to separate, on a tensile tester, a strip cut through the sealed area of a flexible package. The result is given as force per unit width, and the mode of separation is also recorded.
Purpose of Seal Strength — ASTM F88
The purpose is to verify the heat-sealing parameters (temperature, pressure, time) on the filling line are set correctly and the package will not open during handling.
Which Products Is Seal Strength — ASTM F88 Applied To?
- Flexible food packaging and pouches
- Sterile medical device packaging
- Blister lidding films
- Stand-up pouch and sachet packaging
- Vacuum packaging
In Which Sectors Is Seal Strength — ASTM F88 Used?
Standards Related to Seal Strength — ASTM F88
- ASTM F88peeling resistance in sealing seam test
Seal Strength — ASTM F88 Conditions
- Specimen width
- Defined in the standard; the result is given per unit width, e.g. N/15 mm
- Tensile speed
- Constant speed defined in the standard
- Grip technique
- ASTM F88 defines three different grip techniques; the result varies by technique
Equipment for Seal Strength — ASTM F88
- Tensile tester with pneumatic grips
- Specimen cutter
- Laboratory heat-sealing press (for parameter optimisation)
- Conditioning chamber
Sample Requirements for Seal Strength — ASTM F88
- Specimens sealed with the production-line parameters
- Strips cut perpendicular to the seal area
- Specimens must be taken from different edges of the package
- Sealing parameters (temperature, pressure, time) must be provided
Duration of Seal Strength — ASTM F88
The test is short; duration is set by specimen preparation and the number of specimens. Duration increases if a parameter optimisation study is performed.
Seal Strength — ASTM F88 Procedure
- 1Specimens are conditioned.
- 2Strips of the defined width are cut perpendicular to the seal area.
- 3The strip ends are mounted in the grips using the technique defined in the standard.
- 4It is pulled at constant speed and the force-extension curve is recorded.
- 5Maximum and average separation force are calculated.
- 6The mode of separation (peel, delamination, material break) is recorded.
Seal Strength — ASTM F88 Acceptance Criteria
The acceptance criterion is the minimum seal strength in the specification. For sterile barrier systems, separation is also required to occur without fibre tear-out and in a controlled manner — very high strength can also be a problem, since the material can tear on opening and compromise sterility.
Evaluation of Results
The mode of separation carries as much information as the numeric value: a clean peel points to correct parameters, while delamination or material break points to excessive temperature. Low strength stems from insufficient temperature, pressure, or contamination in the seal area.
Seal Strength — ASTM F88 Report
- Package and film structure identification
- Sealing parameters
- Standard applied and grip technique
- Individual and average force values (N/15 mm)
- Mode of separation and observations
Accreditation
EUROLAB holds internationally recognised accreditation obtained from accreditation bodies party to the IAF and ILAC multilateral recognition arrangements, under ISO/IEC 17025 for laboratory testing, ISO/IEC 17020 for inspection and surveillance, and ISO/IEC 17021-1 and ISO/IEC 17065 for system and product certification. This chain ensures the reports and certificates issued are accepted worldwide.
Whether this test can be offered within accredited scope depends on your product and the standard applied; since accreditation is method-based, the scope is confirmed in writing at the quotation stage.
Scope and authorisationsRelated Regulations
- (EU) 2017/745 Medical Device Regulation
Ambalaj Testleri — What Does This Testing Field Cover?
The section below describes the field that the Seal Strength test belongs to; the conditions and acceptance criteria of this particular test are given in the sections above. The scope specific to your product is confirmed in writing at the quotation stage.
Packaging testing examines two different functions separately: does the packaging protect the product during transport, and does the packaging material transfer harmful substances into its contents? These two questions require different laboratory infrastructure and must not be confused.
On the protection side, distribution simulation is carried out: drop, vibration, compression, stacking and, where needed, low pressure tests are applied in sequences representing the real shipping chain. These tests are meaningful as a SEQUENCE rather than individually; in real life too, packaging is exposed to successive loads and each load builds on the damage left by the previous one. Specifications such as ISTA and ASTM D4169 define these sequences by shipment type.
The shipment type determines the sequence itself. The exposure of a palletised load differs from that of a parcel shipped individually: the latter sees far more handling, more drops and impacts in a wider variety of orientations. The growth of e-commerce has brought this second scenario to the fore and turned parcel shipping simulation into a specification group of its own.
On the food contact side, MIGRATION is what counts: the amount of substance passing from the packaging material into the food is compared against overall and specific migration limits. For plastic packaging the list of permitted substances and the limits are defined in separate legislation; the declaration of conformity (DoC) rests on this assessment and is a document that every link in the supply chain must carry.
In a migration test the choice of SIMULANT is critical. Because testing with real food is not practical, liquids representing food are used: different simulants for aqueous foods, for fatty foods and for acidic foods. Choosing the wrong simulant invalidates the result; the choice depends on which food type the packaging will contact and at what temperature.
Barrier properties are a third axis. Oxygen and water vapour permeability directly determine the shelf life of the product; in pharmaceutical and food packaging these values are a design input. Barrier performance is sensitive to temperature and relative humidity, so the measurement conditions are part of the report.
Sterile medical device packaging is the most tightly regulated sub-body of this family. Here the packaging is a barrier maintaining sterility; seal strength, leak testing, distribution simulation and shelf-life studies run together as a validation package.
The packaging legislation side is becoming rapidly more demanding. Recyclability, recovered content ratio, packaging reduction and reuse targets must now be measurable and declarable; this turns packaging design from a material selection exercise into a conformity exercise.
Method groups in this field
Distribution simulation
Drop, random and fixed frequency vibration, compression, stacking, low pressure; as ISTA and ASTM D4169 sequences.
Mechanical strength
Edge crush (ECT) in corrugated board, bursting strength, box compression strength, tape peel adhesion.
Barrier measurements
Oxygen transmission rate (OTR), water vapour transmission rate (WVTR), permeability in film and sheet materials.
Migration
Overall and specific migration tests; simulant and temperature conditions are chosen according to the use scenario.
Seal and integrity
Seal peel strength, leak detection by dye penetration, bubble test, headspace analysis.
Shelf life
Real-time and accelerated ageing; part of the validation package in sterile packaging.
Commonly confused in this field
- A single drop test is not a distribution simulation; the tests are applied as the sequence defined in the specification.
- A migration test carried out with the wrong simulant or the wrong contact temperature is invalid.
- Accelerated ageing does not replace real-time ageing; a shelf life claim is supported by real-time data.
- Barrier values are valid together with the measurement temperature and relative humidity; an OTR/WVTR value given without conditions cannot be compared.
- A packaging change (film supplier, seal parameter, box design) may require the validation to be repeated.
- A food contact declaration of conformity is not a test report; it is a document that rests on reports but summarises a broader assessment.
Which decisions these results support
- Reducing shipping damage and verifying the packaging design
- Declaration of conformity for food contact packaging
- Supporting the shelf-life claim
- Validation of sterile device packaging
- Recyclability and content declarations under packaging legislation
Related Tests
Frequently Asked Questions About Seal Strength — ASTM F88
Is a high seal strength always good?
No. In sterile medical packaging, opening must be controlled and free of fibre tear; an excessively strong seal tears the package open and compromises the sterile field's integrity. Specifications usually define both a lower and an upper limit.
Does seal strength indicate leak-tightness?
No. These are two separate properties: strength measures the separation force, while leak-tightness measures whether there is a channel or leak. A strong seal can still have a wrinkle-induced channel.








